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Engraving is a reproduction process. It is a GRAPHICAL ART. There are several engraving processes organized into engraving, etching and photochemical engraving. Engraving: The lines that make up the image are all produced by hand with a burin. Etching: The lines that make up the image are all produced by immersing the plate in an acid bath.
"Engraving is to plastic arts what printing is to thinking, a powerful means of popularization without which a masterpiece placed at the back of a greedy gallery would remain unknown ... There are many intelligent minds sensitive to the pure enjoyment of art who, for reasons of financial situation and position, would have never had access to certain masterpieces ... but for engraving, whose invention coincided by a providential parallelism with the renaissance of arts… An unique painting, a fresco ... indefinitely multiply by engraving ... A beautiful engraving is more than a copy: it is an interpretation; it is a work of patience and love at the same time." Teophile Gautier
Taille d'épargne wood engraving, whereby the white parts of the drawing are hollowed out and the parts that should be black are saved. This procedure was mostly used until the 16th century..
Common name for nitric acid used by engravers to eat into the copper plate where the parts emptied of varnish are attacked by acid.
Also called black engraving. It is executed by scraping the roughened plate in order to obtain lighter grays and pure whites out of homogeneous black.
Flat photochemical engraving process whereby the photographic print is copied on a lithographic stone. PHOTOTYPE Flat photochemical engraving process whereby the negatives are copied on glass.
Intaglio photoengraving process carried out in the same way as line-engraving.
Metal engraving produced with a burin or dry-point line-engraving.
Flat printing process using a rubber roll that transfers to paper the inked drawing on a zinc plate. The offset method is generally used to print posters.
The etching plate is covered with particles of acid resistant rosin dust. The areas between the particles are open to the acid. The plate is placed in an acid bath for various lengths of time in order to produce varieties of tonal shades.
Lithographs printed in color. A different stone is used to print each color.
This process is based on the principle that oil and water repel. An image is drawn on limestone with a waxy pencil. The image must then be "fixed" to the stone to prevent it from spreading. The stone is dampened with water, which will not adhere to the drawn areas. The stone is then inked with an oil-based paint. This time the oil paint will only adhere to the waxy pencil drawing, and not to the water treated stone. The image is then transferred to paper in a lithographic press.
Stencil cut into paper or very thin metal sheets used to color popular books in the 1920's. Used mostly in France. The stencil was placed over the area to be colored and the ink was applied only in the open spaces.
